How to grow watermelon to get a high yield

Watermelon is a gourd family, native to Africa. Watermelon is a flower of twins, shaped like vines, and leaves are feathered. The fruits it produced are fake fruits and belong to the type of fake berries called by botanists. The skin's skin is smooth, with green or yellow patterns, and the juice is red or yellow (rare white).
The cultivation of watermelon in small arch sheds is as follows:

It small arch sheds should choose north -south direction, covering 1.4-1.6 meters wide, first open 60 cm wide, 40 cm deep in the middle, After fertilizing the soil fertilizer, mix soil fertilizer and make 60 cm wide, 10-15 cm high turtle back -shaped cultivation bed, each side of the bed forms a 30 cm wide watering ditch, and each side of the ditch is 20 cm high 20 cm high 20 cm. Width, insert a 2 -meter -long, 4 cm wide bamboo piece every 1-1.2 meters, form an arch of about 1.5 meters wide and about 0.7 meters high. Pressure with soil, the spacing spacing is about 1 meter. Bamboo pieces per mu 240-260 pieces. 0.014 mm agricultural membranes are about 7.5 kg or 0.03 mm agricultural membranes are about 16 kg, and 0.005 mm membrane is about 2.5 kg. The minimum temperature at the beginning of the year of the structure can be stabilized at 5 degrees in early April, which can meet the requirements of the watermelon slow seedlings.
The cultivation of grafting seedlings
The simple greenhouses with heating facilities in production are mostly used to cultivate grafting seedlings, use pumpkin or gourd as rootstocks, and adopt a leaning or penetration method. The seedlings are about 40 days.
1, the seedbed setting north and south, 1.2 meters wide, and the bottom of the seedling, the bottom of the bottom is flat, the width is 30-40 cm, and the height is 15-20 cm.
2. Nutritional soil is equipped with nutritional soil requires loose, fertile, water preservation, fertilizer and non -bacterial eggs. Generally, 2 parts of fertile pastoral soil plus 1 part of high-temperature fermentation of high-temperature fermentation and rotten organic fertilizer, and then add 0.5 kg of dilate or 1 kg of compound fertilizer according to each cubic meter, 50%multi-bacterial spirit 3-4 two, 3-4 two, 3-4 two, 3-4 two, 3-4 two, and 3-4 two. 50%phosphorus 1 phosphorus is 1 two. After fully mixing, load it into a nutritious bowl with a diameter of 8 cm high. Put the water through the nutrition bowl a week before the broadcast.
3, greenhouse disinfection before sulfur powder 2 kg/mu dichlorvos 0.2 kg/mu, sawdust, sawdust for 24 hours.
4, seed treatment
(1) Blackseed pumpkin black seeds and pumpkin seeds are very dormant, and the seed germination rate of that year was only about 40%. You need to break the dormant with gibberee. The specific method is to soak the seeds with warm water for 1-2 hours, wash the debris, and then soak it with 150-200 ppm. If you use Chen seeds in the previous year, you can directly soak the seeds, and the planting time can be 12 hours.
(2) Gourd Seed Gourd Seeds thick skin, difficulty in absorbing water, slow germination of the seeds, incomplete buds, buds, and low germination rate. It can be treated with hot water perm, soak with cold water without seeds, and then pour the hot water from 80-90 degrees to continuously stir in one direction to reduce the water temperature to 70-75 degrees and keep it for about 1 minute. Finally, pour cold water to make the water temperature. Fall to 20-30 degrees and continue to soak seeds for 24-36 hours. You can also use 100 ppm gibbererin treatment by referring to the pumpkin seed treatment method; For 30 minutes of soaking the 500 times liquid of Buzin, remove and clean it for 6-8 hours in warm water; the other is to cast with 80-90 degrees hot water for 3-5 seconds and then add cold water to reduce the water temperature to about 55 degrees. 10 minutes, fell to 20-30 degrees soaking for 6-8 hours.
5, sowing:
(1) Pumpkin is used as rootstock. Pumpkin seeds are soaked in germination. After germination of watermelon seeds, two capsules are sowed in the nutrient bowl at the same time in the nutrition bowl and the spike seeds were sown each. The temperature of the day is 30-35 degrees, and at 18-22 degrees at night, ensuring soil temperature above 18 degrees, after the seedlings fall to about 25 degrees during the day, and 15 to 16 degrees at night. You can sow the watermelon seeds after germination.
The watermelon seeds are sown in the sand table. Before sowing, soak the sand with boiling water. After cooling, sprinkle the watermelon seeds about 1 cm, cover the soil for 1 cm, and the coverage of the floor film to increase the temperature. The seedlings of the sand table for about 5-6 days of the greenhouse are about 5-6 days. During the grafting period.
6, grafting:
(1) Pumpkin and watermelon are connected: Pumpkin seed Ye Ping showed up the growth point when showing the heart, with a blade of 45 degrees at a blade of 0.5-1 centimeters under the leaf. The depth is 2/5-1/2 of the stem thick, and the incision is about 1 cm long. At the same time, the corresponding part of the watermelon scion is obliquely cut upwards, and the depth is 1/2-2/3 of the neck thickness. The length of the incision is the same as that of the rootstock incision. The scion incision is embedded in the incision of the rootstock's stem, so that the interface of the two is closely fitted together, and the fixed interface is fixed with grafting. After about seven days, the interface healed, cut off the root of the scion, and removed the grafting clamp after 10-15 days.
(2) Plug in the top of the gourd as an ateromicwood roof: remove the gourd top buds and true leaves when grafting, leave only two pieces of leaf, and then use a 6-8 mm slope with a sharp end with a watermelon seedlings. The bamboo stick, the diagonal surface is inserted along the leaf veins of the gourd seeds and the gourd stem about 45 degrees, and the tip of the bamboo stick is just exposed. Put the watermelon seedlings at 8-10 millimeters under the cotyledon, cut the stems with a blade, the length of the cut surface is 8-10 mm, and the bamboo sticks are pulled out quickly and inserted the watermelon scion into the gourd rootstock. The scion -leaf crosses the shape of "ten".
7. Management after grafting: After grafting, cover the small arched sheds to moisturize in time, and cover it with a shade net or analog. The first three days did not ventilate, 25-28 degrees during the day, 20-22 degrees at night, not less than 18 degrees. The relative humidity of the air in the small arched shed remains above 95%. After three days, the ventilation and gas replacement was gradually increased to shorten the shade time. After about 12 days of grafting seedlings, the temperature can be reduced to 24-26 degrees during the day and 16-18 degrees at night. Pay attention to the germinated side buds of the rootstock in time. Spray drugs to prevent diseases. Low -temperature refining seedlings 3-5 days before planting, increased the amount of wind during the day, 22-24 degrees during the day, and fell to 13-15 degrees at night to enhance the adaptability of seedlings to the environment in the small arch shed after planting.

Im preparation before planting
1, sole fertilizer: combined with farming and overlap per mu, 2-2.5 square meters of fermented chicken manure or 6-8 square of high -quality circle manure (conditional households are best to be good at home In the summer, chicken manure and circle manure are mixed with high temperature fermentation together, and the organic fertilizer that is fermented through high temperature is not easy to burn seedlings), 30-40 kg of dibar ammonium, 30-40 kg of potassium sulfate, 10-15 kg of urea or ammonium carbonate 25-40 kg, micro -fertilizer is applied or sprayed according to the absence of prime.
2, aspirate, 洇
March in late March, choose sunny days and time, as required to make 畦, 7-10 days before planting, covering the ground, buckling small arched sheds, baking ground, and heating up.

1
1. During the planting period: Shi City and surrounding counties and cities are generally at the end of March and early April. When the temperature in the small arch shed is stable above 12 degrees, you can choose a sunny day without wind and sunny days. Planting, from the perspective of the matter, at this time, the willow trees are budding poplar.
2, planting density: each cultivation bed is planted in two lines, the plant spacing is not less than 0.7 meters, and 650-700 plants are planted per mu.
The pores or melon shovel on the covering film during the planting directly punch the plant distance and plant the water. Finally, the membrane holes are tightly sealed with soil and stamped the small arched shed in time.

1 management after planting
1, temperature management:
(1) Planting -from planting to melon seedlings 5-6 leaves from upright growth to the growth of this section During the period, about 13-15 days. The first three days after planting generally do not let go of the wind to promote seedlings. After slowing the seedlings, we can gradually increase the amount of air release every day to 2 pm to achieve cooling, humidifying, improving the conditions of light, reducing the growth rate of plants, improving the resistance of anti -inverse, and reaching thickness of the leaves, neck thickness, and strong root system.
(2) Twin -seat melon: At this stage, it has entered late April, and the evening cream has passed. Generally, freezing damage is needed. The root system and stems and leaves of this period grow rapidly, which is easy to grow. Therefore, the wind should be enlarged in the morning and noon, and the fascinating membranes should be used to promote the reasonable distribution of nutrients at night, and the fruits will be sat early.
2, the whole way of pruning: Generally, the whole method of three vines is used. When the main vine grows to 30 cm long and the branches of the stem base reaches 5 cm, each plant is selected to leave two strong side vines with uniform lengths. Essence Generally, the second or third female flowers are selected. When the main vines can't sit still, the side vine flower can be selected. Generally, the excess side branches of the fruits are removed early, and the side branches of several sections after the fruits can leave 3 to 6 leaves to tip to increase the leaf area and increase yield.
3, fertilizer and water management: In the case of planting water, when the main vine grows about 50 cm, it can be combined with 5 kg of urea per acre and 10 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate. When the young fruit grows as long as the eggs, it is rushed into 15 kg of urea per acre with water and 20 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate. The fruit bowl mouth is 10 kilograms per acre in the size of the bowl mouth, and 15 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be sprayed with leaf surface fertilizer to prevent premature stems and leaves.
4, artificially assisted pollination: The pollination time is 7-11 in the morning, remove the petals that the male flowers open that day, and gently apply the pollen to the blooming female flowers. Pay attention to it in operation to prevent deformed fruits.
5, the method and key technology of the second result of watermelon: There are two methods, one is to cut the vine regeneration, that is, after the first stubble melon is set, pay attention to the selection of 3 new vines developed by the base. Later, the old vine was cut 30 cm from the root of the roots, and the new vines were used. The other is the new shoots, that is, in the late stage of fruit growth, the new vine fruits from the top of the main and side vines are used. Generally, it can be blooming and sitting fruit for 7-10 days. This method is simple, but the fruit is high, the fruit shape is small, and the output is low. The key technology is mainly to do a good job of preventing disease in the first stage of the melon melon, leaf surface spray fertilizer, strictly prevent premature aging of the stems and leaves, clean the countryside in time after picking melon, pour roots with root roots and pursue pursuit of watering, and promote the healthy growth of the new man.

M small gift watermelon cultivation technology
. The cultivation season is highly adaptable, and the temperature can grow normally above 14 ° C. Different cultivation techniques can be sown from mid -January to late July, and can be harvested in May to October.
If cultivation of early spring protection: Seedlings for seedling seedlings in mid -late February, 35-40 days of seedlings, seedlings were used to raise seedlings. It was planted in the greenhouse in early April and was listed in early June.
The spring nude cultivation: sowing from late March to late May, about 30 days of seedling. The protection of seedlings, planted in naked land or covering small arched sheds after the final cream.
The summer protection ground is delayed: sowing in late July, about 20 days of seedling. In early September, the shed film was covered, and the heating grass curtain was covered in the early days, and it was listed around October.

. Sowing seedlings
The nutritional soil preparation method: There are many methods of nutritional soil. 1/3 Rotten farmhouse fertilizer plus 2/3 field soil. Each soil plus 2 kg of calcium phosphate, disinfected with 800 times the bacterial liquid, or fumigated with formaldehyde.
Molting seeds to urge germination: It can be soaked with warm water at 55 ° C and continuously stirred until the temperature of the water drops to about 30 ° C. After soaking for 4 hours, clean the seeds, and then use a wet woolen wrap to tighten the germination in the environment of about 30 ° C.
sered sowing: The day before sowing, the 800 -fold -based canobolin liquid was used to pour the seedlings. When the seed buds grow to about 0.5 cm, sow in the seedling plate. Cover the fine nutrient soil is 1.5 cm thick, and use 800 times nailobobujin to pour the seedlings, and the temperature is kept at 25-30 ° C to ensure that the seedlings are neat. The temperature is kept at 18-28 ° C after the seedlings. Do not wet the seedbed. Early spring should prevent frost damage and ensure sufficient light. In summer, the seedlings should be prevented from high temperature.

. Field management
Planting: Generally cultivated by multi -vine, fruit and vines. The plant spacing distance is 60-80 cm × 180-200 cm, and 530-730 plants can be planted per acre. It can also be cultivated with a standing grid, with a row distance of 50 cm × 100-140 cm, and double -row planting.
Fessor of fertilizer: mainly based on bottom fertilizer, supplemented by topdressing. The bottom fertilizer should be composed of 53-66 kg compound fertilizer and 2670 kg per mu. In the future, the entire fertility period is mainly "two water and two fertilizers", that is, vine fertilizer. After one week of planting, nitrogen fertilizer is mainly used for irrigation; melon fertilizers are mainly used for phosphorus and potassium after one week.
This retaining fruit: If the cause and effect are small, to achieve higher output, it should be cultivated by multiple vines and fruit. Generally, a main vine and 3-4 vines are retained, or the vines are not rectified. On the first female flower, the rest can be retained with two stubble melons.

The disease and insect pest control: Small watermelon varieties have strong disease resistance than large watermelon varieties. Generally, diseases are vine blight, withered disease, virus disease, anthracnose, etc. Once a day.
The watermelon harvesting high -yield cultivation technology
M multiple harvested technology cultivation in the greenhouse can be cultivated in watermelon, which can be harvested 5 to 6 times from May to the end of October, with an average of 7,500 kilograms per mu. Essence

The varieties choose
The early ripening, anti -disease, low temperature and weak light, strong regeneration, and early watermelon varieties.
This cultivation of strong seedlings
In Nanjing area is generally sown in mid -January, and the nutritional bowl of the electric heatingbed hotbed is used. In the greenhouse, it is 1 meter -wide and 25 cm deep seedlings. The length depends on the number of seedlings. The inner paving film, sprinkled fine soil, straw and other objects, laid electric heating wires on it, and discharged nutritional bowls. Sowing the germination to 80%of the seeds is sown, and 1 capsule is broadcast per bowl. After sowing, it covers 0.5 to 1 cm thick, covering the ground, and a small arched shed. Cover the grass curtains on the small arched shed at night. The temperature of the bed was kept at 30 to 32 ° C during the day, and the night was maintained at 20-25 ° C. 70%of the melon seedlings were removed after the land was unearthed. After Qi Miao, the small arched sheds were properly opened to cool down. Gradually cool down the seedlings 1 week before transplanting.

The planted planting
The rotten organic fertilizer per acre before planting, 100 kg of rotten cake fertilizer, 10 kg of urea, 50 kg of overlavic acid, 15 kg of potassium sulfate, or applied per acre Potassium sulfate high -efficiency and multi -element compound fertilizer 100 kg. Combined with fertilization, 3%phosphorus particle particles and 50%multi -bacterial wettable powder are 2 kg per acre. One month before the planting, the whole land was made, and the 5 -meter -wide greenhouse was made of 2 畦, 2 meters wide, and 30 cm wide operating groove in the middle. From late February to March, it is selected to be planted in the morning in the morning. Each row is planted, the plant spacing is 80 cm, and about 330 plants are planted per acre. After planting, water the water, cover the ground after the water seeps, a small arch shed on it, and cover the grasshopper on the small arched shed at night.

The temperature and humidity management
The management within 10 days after planting is mainly thermal insulation. The temperature of the shed temperature during the day is maintained at 25-32 ° C, the night is maintained at 18-20 ° C, the shed temperature exceeds 35 ° C appropriately appropriately Ventilation and cooling. Increase the ventilation volume appropriately after sitting melon. The temperature of the melon expansion and mature period is kept at 25-32 ° C during the day, and the night is maintained at 15-20 ° C. The small arched shed was withdrawn in mid -April. After the temperature rises in May, pay attention to ventilation and gas, and open the skirt and top membrane to cool down at noon. Remove the edge film in summer and leave the top membrane and replenish water. In August, the temperature was high, and the amount of plant transpiration was large, and moisture and temperature should be scientifically controlled.

The fertilizer and water management
This After transplantation, apply slow seedlings, mainly nitrogen fertilizer, and pour 5 kg of urea per acre. When the melon eggs are large, the rotten acquaintance urine is 600 kg or 10 kg of urea, 10 kg of three yuan high -efficiency compound fertilizer, and 10 kg of potassium sulfate. After each harvest, potassium sulfate and urea are 10 kg or 45%high -efficiency compound fertilizer each. The watermelon watermelon should not be irrigated too much, and the irrigation should be rational according to the tenderness of the leaf color.

The plant adjustment
In three vines and pruning, 2 strong side vines are selected at 3 to 5 verses when the main vines grow 60 cm. Essence After the melon is steadily removed, the weak branches, sick branches and old leaves, and sick leaves are removed to facilitate ventilation and light transmission. Choose the soil to press the vines in a sunny afternoon.

Thua fruit management
The melon eggs are selected 1-2 melons per plant after 12 knots. When the melon diameter is 12 cm, remove the deformity and excess melon, leaving an average of 1 melon per plant, and 330 melons per acre. Turn the melon once 15 to 20 days after sitting melon, and use dry straw or fruit pad. When the first batch of melon 7-8 matures, the second batch of melons are selected on the new hair vines. The amount of melon is determined according to the long potential of the melon. The temperature in autumn is high, and the salary should be properly pushed back. Generally, 2 melons are selected after 20 knots. The third and fourth batch of melons should be properly removed to ensure the quality of melon.

The prevention and treatment of diseases
Puled to prevent diseases and insects such as watermelon swelling, rising disease, withering, blight, frostmo, anthracnose, white powder and aphids, and red spiders.

This harvested in time
In 37 to 40 days after the female flowers are opened, the first batch of melons will be harvested, and it will be harvested once every 30 days after the opening. When the first stubble melon is picked, the two stubble melons have been sitting melon. Be careful not to pull the vine too much.

Don't use chemical fertilizer, use oil residue good